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Book Description:

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Synopsis:

This text shows how safety assurance is actually performed in industry. It moves from hazard identification to frequency and probability analysis and, finally, to consequence analysis. Considerable attention is given to HAZOP techniques, and an extensive discussion of failure-mode-effects analysis (FMEA). As an aid to the student, example problems are provided at the end of the book. Though written as an undergraduate textbook, the publication should be useful to all engineers involved in safety, particularly those who have not had formal training in the techniques of safety analysis. The basic techniques described should also be of interest to anyone concerned with safety in the process and related industries.

Table of Contents:

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 SAFETY ASSURANCE
1.4 SAFETY CULTURE
1.5 SAFETY ASSESSMENT
1.6 CONCLUSIONS
2. THE CONCEPT OF RISK
2.1 DEFINITIONS OF RISK
2.2 ACCEPTED AND IMPOSED RISK
2.3 PERCEPTION OF RISK
2.4 QUANTIFICATION OF RISK
2.5 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
2.6 ALARP
2.7 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
2.8 CONCLUSIONS
3. SAFETY IN DESIGN AND OPERATION
3.1 SAFETY IN DESIGN
3.2 SAFETY ASSURANCE IN DESIGN
3.3 SAFETY IN OPERATION
3.4 MAINTENANCE
3.5 ORGANIZING FOR SAFETY
3.6 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
3.7 CONCLUSIONS
4. HAZOP
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO HAZOP
4.2 THE BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZOP
4.3 CONDUCTING A HAZOP STUDY
4.4 COMPUTERIZED REPORTING SYSTEMS
4.5 HAZOP OF BATCH PROCESSES
4.6 EXTENSIONS OF HAZOP
4.7 HAZOP DEMONSTRATED
4.8 CONCLUSIONS
5. FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS (FMEA)
5.1 METHODOLOGY OF FMEA
5.2 CRITICALITY ANALYSIS
5.3 CORRECTIVE ACTION AND FOLLOW-UP
5.4 EXAMPLES
5.5 CONCLUSIONS
6. BASIC QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (QRA)
6.1 THE LOGIC TREE APPROACH
6.2 PRINCIPLES OF QRA
6.3 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS
6.4 PROBABILITY THEORY
6.5 SET THEORY AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
6.6 COMBINATION OF FREQUENCIES
6.7 CONCLUSIONS
6.8 EVENT TREE ANALYSIS (ETA)
6.9 CONCLUSIONS
7. QUANTIFICATION OF LOGIC TREES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 FRACTIONAL DEAD TIME
7.3 DEPENDENT FAILURE ANALYSIS
7.4 WARNING
7.5 APPLICATION OF FAILURE DATA TO FAULT TREES
7.6 USE OF BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND CUT SETS
7.7 TRUNCATION
7.8 USE OF INFORMATION
7.9 QUANTIFICATION OF EVENT TREES
7.10 CONCLUSIONS
8. CONSEQUENCE MODELLING
8.1 GAS DISPERSION
8.2 TOXICITY
8.3 EXPLOSIONS AND FIRES
8.4 FIRES
8.5 CONCLUSIONS
9. HUMAN FACTORS
9.1 THE ROLE OF THE OPERATOR
9.2 CONTROL ROOM DESIGN
9.3 HUMAN ERROR ASSESSMENT METHODS
9.4 APPLICATION OF HAZOP TO HUMAN RELIABILITY
9.5 DATA ON OPERATOR RELIABILITY
9.6 THERP-AN EXAMPLE
9.7 CONCLUSIONS
10. CONCLUSIONS
11. PROBLEMS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
INDEX