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Book Description:

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Synopsis:

A compendium of facts, formulas, and other information needed to analyze and design an industrial wastewater system, approached process by process rather than by case history.

Table of Contents:

Prologue -- What is Water?
Introduction P-1
Characteristics of Water P-2
How to Use this handbook P-25
References P-25
Chapter 1 U.S. Laws and Regulations
Introduction
Reference Sources for Laws and Regulations
Summary of U.S. Government Laws and Regulations
Natural Resource Statutes
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
of
Endangered Species Act
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
Section 10 of the River and Harbor Act of
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
Residual Management Statutes
The Clean Water Act
The Clean Air Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of (CERCLA)
Safe Drinking Water Act
Clean Water Act -- An Overview
Objectives and Goals
Illegality of Discharge Without a Permit
Authority of the Federal Government to
Issue Permits
Technology-Forcing Requirements
Water Quality Limitations
XXX 404 Permit Requirements
XXX 401 Certification
Federal Enforcement
Spill Reporting
Spill Liability
Public Involvement
Federal Funds for Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Summary of P. L. 92-500
Water Quality-Based Controls Under CWA
Water Quality Standards
Permitting and Water Quality Standards
NPDES Permitting
404 Permitting
401 Certification
Anti-Degradation
Summary
The NPDES Permit Process
Substantive Elements of the NPDES Permit Program
Scope of the NPDES Permit Program
Prohibitions Against Issuance of 402 Permits
The Permit Application Process
General Information Requirements
Application Requirements for Existing
Manufacturing, Commercial Mining and
Silvicultural Discharges -- Process Wastewater
Nonprocess Wastewater Dischargers In the
Manufacturing, Commercial Mining and
Silvicultural Point Source Categories
Application Requirements for New and
Existing Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations and Aquatic Animal Production
Facilities
Application Requirements for New and Existing Publicly Owned Treatment Works
Application Requirements for New Sources
and New Discharges
Conditioning of NPDES Permits
Duty To Comply
Property Rights, Inspections, Monitoring and Reporting
Zero Discharge
The Debate over Zero Discharge
Problems with Zero Discharge
Arguments in Favor of Zero Discharge
Water -- the Resource
Holistic Analysis
Practical Issues Associated with Zero
Discharge
Conclusion
Technology-Forcing Standards under the
Clean Water Act
Overview of BPT and BAT Standards
Enforcement under the Clean Water Act
Criminal Sanctions
Civil Penalties
Civil Enforcement in the Federal Court System
Compliance Orders and Administrative Penalties
Citizen Suits
Conclusion
Spill Liability: XXX 311 of the CWA and the
Oil Pollution Act of
Reporting Requirement under XXX 311
Liability for Failure to Report
Liability for Spills of Oil and Hazardous Substances
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
Oil Pollution Liability and Compensation
(Title I)
Natural Resource Damages
Title IV of OPA -- Spill Prevention and Removal
The Corps of Engineers' XXX 404 Permit Program
Historical Overview of XXX 404 Permit Program
Corps Permits: Procedure and Substance
Corps' Procedural Regulations
The Substantive Regulations
The EPA's 404(b)(1) Guidelines
1990 Memorandum of Agreement between EPA
and the Corps Regarding Mitigation under
the 404(b)(1) Guidelines
Avoidance
Minimization
Compensatory Mitigation
The Corps' Public Interest Test
Special 404 Issues
Jurisdictional Limits of the 404 Program
Point Source Discharge of Pollutants
Nationwide Permits
Conclusion
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act, Title III (SARA Title III)
Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA)
Summary
References
Chapter 2 International Treaties, Laws, and Regulations
Introduction
International Treaties
The Rio Convention
Basel Convention on the Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their
Disposal (Basel 1989)
Convention on the Prevention of Marine
Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other
Matter (London Dumping Convention)
1972/1976
Oil-Related Treaties
ISO 14000
Environmental Policy
Environmental Planning
Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Goals
Programs
Organization
Training
Communication
Documentation
Operational Control
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Monitoring and Management
Corrective and Preventative Actions
Record Keeping
Audits
Management Review
World Bank Standards
Miscellaneous Foreign Laws and Regulations
Chapter 3 Wastewater System Planning and Analysis
Introduction
References and Standards
Planning the Plan
1. Comprehensive Flow Diagram and
Description of Existing System
2. Source Database
3. Document Planned and Potential Facility Expansions
4. Evaluate Regulatory Requirements
5. Determine if Conveyance and or
Treatment Improvements are Required
6. Develop and Evaluate Options for
Waste Prevention Minimization, System
Modifications, and New Construction
7. Develop an Integrated Conceptual Plan
of Upgrades, Schedules, and Cost Estimates
8. Check for Constructability, Safety, and Schedule
9. Comprehensive Facility Group Review
10. Implementation of the Compliance Plan
Wastewater System Base Line Data Production
Statistical Analysis
Sampling and Analysis Plans
Treatability and Pilot Studies
Design Basis and Regulatory Reviews
Construction Materials
References
Chapter 4 Wastewater Collection Systems
Introduction
References and Standards
Regulatory Requirements
RCRA
NESHAP and HON
VOC
Other Regulations, Permits, Etc
Collection and Conveyance (Sewer) Systems
Stormwater Systems
Process Wastewaters
Ballast Water
Sanitary Wastewater
Process (effluent) System
Spent Amine System
Spent Caustic System
Spent Acid System
Stormwater System Design and Analysis
The First Flush Principle
Stormwater Flows and Volumes
Macro Stormwater Calculations
Micro Stormwater Calculations
First Flush Calculations
Process Sewer System Design and Analysis
Computer Programs
References
Chapter 5 Equalization and Storage Systems
Introduction
Equalization Techniques
Flow Equalization
Constituent Equalization
Design of Equalization Tanks
Chapter 6 Physical Processes
Introduction
Grit Removal and Screens
Low Solids flux Rate Unit Processes
Primary Clarifiers and Grit Chambers
Clarifier Design
Design of Grit Chambers
Design of Primary Clarifiers
Oil-Water Separation Devices
API Separators
CPI Units
DAF Units
Coalescers
Other Devices
High Solids Flux Rate Unit Processes
Thickeners
Dewatering Machines
Centrifuges
Presses and Filters for Sludge Dewatering
Vacuum Filters
Belt Presses
Plate and Frame Presses
Incineration
Teritary Treatment Physical Unit Processes
Filtration
Diatomaceous Earth Filters
Granular Media Filters
Car